After graduating from Emory University, Shapiro attended Harvard Law School, where he graduated magna cum laude. Shapiro then went on to clerk for Judge Marjorie Rendell on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
After clerking, Shapiro worked as an attorney at Boies, Schiller & Flexner in New York City. In 2005, Shapiro returned to Philadelphia and joined the Ballard Spahr law firm. Shapiro's practice focused on commercial litigation and white-collar criminal defense. In 2011, Shapiro was elected to the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners.
As a Montgomery County Commissioner, Shapiro served as Chairman of the Board from 2012 to 2015. In 2016, Shapiro was elected Attorney General of Pennsylvania. As Attorney General, Shapiro focused on fighting the opioid crisis and protecting consumers.
In 2022, Shapiro was elected Governor of Pennsylvania. Shapiro is the first Jewish person elected Governor of Pennsylvania.