LNP formulations

LNP formulations usually consist of four lipid components, (1) ionizable or cationic lipids are used to sequester the nucleic acids through charge absorption; (2) helper/structural lipid help to form the particle structure; (3) polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid can reduce opsonization by serum proteins and reticuloendothelial clearance; (4) cholesterol can fill the gaps between lipids and stabilize the lipid bilayer. The relative amounts of different components may affect the efficacy of LNP, so the LNP formulation needs to be optimized according to different drugs, applications, and administration routes.