ChemistryWork

Things I need help on, Like ASAP No Rocky

From Laron Walden

Stoichiometry- is the calculation of relative quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions. Stoichiometry is founded on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products leading to the insight that the relations among quantities of reactants and products typically form a ratio of positive integers

Specific Heat Capacity- is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius.

Molarity- is defined as the amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture

This Molarity

NOT THIS MOLARITY

Graham’s Law – shows that diffusion of a heavier gas is slower than diffusion of a lighter gas. This 

law also shows that effusion of a heavier gas is slower than effusion of a lighter 

gas.

Dipole Forces: occur between neutral, polar molecules. The positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another polar moelcule. Molecules with greater polarity will have greater dipole-dipole attraction. 

London Dispersion Forces – occur between neutral, nonpolar molecules (i.e. nonpolar covalent 

molecules). They are weak attractions that occur because of the random motions of electrons on atoms 

in molecules.

Unsaturated V. Saturated- In a chain of carbons, such as fatty acids, a double or triple bond will cause a kink in the chain. Unsaturated fats

(containing a double bond(s)) tend to be liquid at room temperature, rather than solid, due to the kinks in the chain. 

The kinks prevent the molecules from packing closely together to form a solid. These fats are called oils and are 

present in fish and plants. Saturated fats (no double bonds) are solids (ex. margarine).

The Heating Curve

Colligative Properties- When a solute is added to a solvent, the boiling point of the solvent will 

increase, the freezing point will decrease and vapor pressure will 

decrease.

Le Chatelier’s Principle: Whenever a stress is placed on a reaction at equilibrium, the reaction will 

shift to restore equilibrium by relieving that stress.

1. If more reactants are added, the reaction will shift towards products.

2. If more products are added, the reaction will shift towards reactants.

3. If reactants are removed, the reaction will shift to make more reactants.

4. If products are removed, the reaction will shift to make more products.

5. If pressure is increased, the reaction will shift towards the side with less moles.

6. If pressure is decreased, the reaction will shift toward the side with more moles.

7. If temperature is increased, the reaction shifts in the endothermic direction to use up the added 

heat.

8. If temperature is decreased, the reaction shifts in the exothermic direction to make more heat.