What is Pertussis?

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract. It is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and is characterized by severe coughing fits.

Pertussis is a serious illness that can lead to complications, especially in young children. In severe cases, it can cause pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pertussis typically develop in stages. In the catarrhal stage, which lasts for 1-2 weeks, the symptoms are similar to those of a common cold, including:

runny nose
sneezing
low-grade fever
mild cough

The paroxysmal stage, which lasts for 2-4 weeks, is characterized by severe coughing fits. These coughing fits are often followed by a "whooping" sound as the person tries to inhale.

The convalescent stage, which lasts for several weeks, is characterized by a gradual improvement in symptoms. The coughing fits become less frequent and less severe.

Transmission

Pertussis is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The bacteria can be inhaled into the lungs, where they attach to the cells lining the airways.

Pertussis is most contagious during the catarrhal stage. However, it can also be spread during the paroxysmal and convalescent stages.

Treatment

Pertussis is treated with antibiotics. The antibiotics are usually given for 5-7 days. It is important to take the antibiotics as directed to ensure that the infection is completely cleared.

In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary. Hospitalization is usually necessary for infants under 1 year of age, children with underlying health conditions, and children who are not responding to antibiotics.

Prevention

The best way to prevent pertussis is to get vaccinated. The pertussis vaccine is included in the routine childhood immunization schedule. The vaccine is safe and effective and can protect against pertussis for many years.

Other ways to prevent pertussis include:

Washing your hands frequently with soap and water
Covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze
Staying home from work or school if you are sick

Call to action

If you think you or your child may have pertussis, it is important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent serious complications.